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Constitutional Court Judgement of 25 January 2010, n.26

proceedings concerning the 'constitutional incidentally.

Civil Procedure - Application for interim uniform -Assessment technical estimate - Possibility 'to propose the application, if the arbitration clause, the compromise of proceedings or arbitration, the judge would have had jurisdiction to hear the substance - Failure prediction - unreasonableness, for lack of arguments justifying the diversity 'of legislation, that with respect to arbitration, including the technical appraisal, and other protective measures-lesion of the right to trial and the right of defense-Unlawful' constitutional extent.

- Cod proc. Civ., art. 669-quaterdecies.

- Constitution, Art. 3:24 .

Article. 669 quaterdecies Code, under the heading scope, provides that the provisions dellla Section I, Chapter III of Book IV of the Code, relating to protective proceedings in general, apply the measures laid down in Section II, III and V as well, mutatis mutandis, to other protective measures covered by the Civil Code and special laws. Only the art. 669 f cpc on the negative decision and the government expenditure, also apply to preventive measures of education under Section IV of Chapter III. The textual data, therefore, reveals unique model in which the measures of prior education (art. 692 cpc -699), and therefore the investigation technical budget (art. 696 CCP), the rules governing proceedings and the related interim measures do not apply, except for the aforementioned art. 669 f cpc Just this exception is to reaffirm the intent of the legislature to that effect, that intent is confirmed in the preparatory work, which show that it was thought to exclude the preventive measures of education from pre-trial proceedings applcativo uniform, because them, although protective measures, are not connected to the proceedings. Therefore, we must share the conclusion reached by the court, that the wording of Article. 669 quaterdecies CCP does not allow an interpretation different from the one he adopted.

As this Court has noted, the unequivocal language of the rule marks the border in the presence of such an attempt of interpretation must give way to constitutional judicial review (Case No. 219 of 2008, Section 4 of the legal considerations) .

That said, it should be noted that the precautionary nature of preventative education measures (confirmed by the systematic position of the institution) is generlamente recognized and was recently affirmed by this court, that pointed out the ratio of inspiration, for the avoidance that the trial will be resolved for an injury to the part which would be recognition of its grounds (No. 144 of 2008), not being able to cast doubt on the alteration of the condition of the premises or, in general, what you want to submit to investigation techniques, they can cause irreparable prejudice to the right that the requesting party intends to rely.

This form of protection is a key component of that judicial function and compared to the full implementation of this, also plays an instrumental role, common to both types of anticipatory measures that those conservative (Case No. 421 and No. 253 of 1996 1994). In this context, justifies the expansive nature of the rules of uniform pre-trial proceedings (art. 669 bis et seq CCP), their character art. 669 quaterdecies is established by law. In ranks of those rules include Article. 669 d cpc whereby, if the dispute is the subject of arbitration clause or by arbitration (not ritual) or if the arbitration is pending, the application of precautionary measures, it proposes that the prohibition imposed by arbitrators' art. 818 Code of Civil Procedure, unless otherwise provided by law, be made to the court which would have had jurisdiction to hear the merito.Pertanto, according to the provision just quoted, even pending the arbitration is allowed, inter alia, request the seizure of books, records, documents, models, samples and anything else that are needed to infer from the evidence, when it is controversial the right to display or to the communication and should ensure its safe tempranea (art. 670, No. 2, CCP), while it is not possible to obtain similar protection by a technical appraisal, in spite of supervision and the objective evidence comunenatura pursued by both instruments. Without these points, it should be added that there is no incompatibility between the general legislation on precautionary measures ela provision concerning the technical appraisal. I particular, this incompatibility is not apparent in the ground that the latter does not require the establishment within a specified period of ordinary trial, while in uniform procedure, if the application was first proposed the merits of the case, the order is accepted must set a deadline for the start of proceedings that, pursuant to the procedures of Article. 669 g Code, even if the dispute is the subject of compromise or arbitration clause (the fifth paragraph of that provision).

It 's true that the rules laid down in Articles. 692-699 CCP does not provide a deadline for the start of the ordinary trial, but this profile, provides a form of independence among the measures of preventive education and the main proceedings, does not exclude the precautionary nature of the underlying measures, nor it deprives the connection with the proceedings, with respect to which they are instrumental in nature, so that the intake of these measures is without prejudice to issues relating to their admissibility and relevance, to be verified just dined in the main case in which the minutes of the preventive tests can not be made, nor mentioned nor played in the first copy that the evidence they have been declared eligible in the same court, pursuant to art. 698 cpc

clarified that respect, it should be noted that the exclusion from the scope of the investigation prior technical defined in art. 669 quaterdecies Code, resulting in inapplicability of Article. 669 d, no more than the election of reasonableness with reference to Article. 3, first paragraph of the Constitution Indeed, la ratio diretta ad evitare che la durata del processo ordinario si risolva in un pregiudizio per la parte che intende far valere le proprie ragioni, comune ai provvedimenti di cui agli artt. 669 bis e seguenti ed all'art. 696 c.p.c. , il carattere provvisorio e strumentale di detti provvedimenti, rispetto al giudizio a cognizione piena, del pari comune, nonchè l'assenza di argomenti idonei a giustificare la diversità di disciplina normativa, con riguardo all'arbitrato, tra il provvedimento di di cui al citato art. 696 e gli altri provvedimenti cautelari , i quali possono essere ottenuti ricorrendo al giudice, anche se la controversia, nel merito, è devoluta ad arbitri (art. 669 quinquies c.p.c.), rendono del tutto irragionevole la detta esclusione.

addition, it also violates Article. 24, second paragraph of the Constitution because the ompossibilità esplatare of the technical appraisal in the event of a dispute be referred to arbitration (which, as we have said, can not grant interim cautlari, except as otherwise provided by law) undermines the right to test for the possible alteration of the state of the site or what you want to submit technical assessment, resulting in injury to the right of defense.

Based on the foregoing, it shall declare the unconstitutionality of the contested provision in so far, excluding the application of Article. 669 d cpc orders for in art. 696 dello stesso codice, impedisce, in caso di clausola compromissoria,di compromesso o di pendenza di giudizio arbitrale, la proposizione della domanda di accertamento tecnico preventivo al giudice competente a conoscere del merito.

Dispositivo

La Corte dichiara l'illegittimità costituzionale dell'art. 669 quaterdecies del c.p.c. , nella parte in cui , escludendo l'applicazione dell'art. 669 quinquies dello stesso codice ai provvedimenti di cui all'art. 696 c.p.c. , impedisce , in caso di clausola compromissoria, di compromesso o di pendenza di giudizio arbitrale, la proposizione della domanda di accertamento tecnico preventivo al giudice che sarebbe competente a conoscere del merito.

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Judgement Cort. Constitution January 11, 2010, No 3

CONSTITUTIONAL COURT JUDGEMENT

January 11, 2010, No.3

proceedings concerning the 'constitutional incidentally.

Civil Procedure - Service - unavailability 'or refusal to receive a copy of - Enhanced notification to the recipient, as the living law, registered with the dispatch of information, rather than' with the receipt of the same or at least after ten days of the shipment.

- PERMISSIBLE contended that 'the experiment for failure to issue an interpretation consistent with the Constitution - Rejected.

- Code proc. Civ., art. 140.

- Constitution, Art. 3, first paragraph, 24, second paragraph and 111 first and second paragraphs.

- Civil Procedure - Service - unavailability 'or refusal to receive a copy of the document.

- Enhanced notification to the recipient, as the living law, registered with the dispatch of information, rather than 'with the receipt of the same or at least ten days after its shipment

- Lack of motivation on the relevance the question - manifest inadmissibility '.

- Code proc. Civ., art. 140.

- Constitution, Art. 3, first paragraph, 24, second paragraph and 111 first and second paragraphs.

Civil Procedure - Service - unavailability 'or refusal to receive a copy of - Enhanced notification to the recipient, as the living law, registered with the dispatch of information, rather than' with the receipt of the same or at least ten days after its shipment

- Unreasonable balance between the interests of the notifier and the consignee, in breach of defense guarantees and protection of the adversarial

unjustified unequal 'treatment as compared to similar cases by law - Unlawful' constitutional extent.

- Code proc. Civ., art. 140.

- Constitution, Art. 3:24.

Judgement

In reviews of the constitutionality of Article. 140 of the Code of Civil Procedure (unavailability or refusal to receive a copy), promoted by the Court of Bologna with an Order of 11 February 2008 and the Court of Appeal of Milan by order of December 22, 2008, registered as Nos. respectively. Register of Orders 75 and 88, 2009 and published in the Official Gazette, nos. 11 and 13, the first special series 2009.

Visas acts of intervention by the President of the Council of Ministers;

hearing in chambers on November 4, 2009

The judge rapporteur Paolo Maddalena

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Riuniti, assessments,

1) declares that the question of the constitutionality of Article. 140 of the Code, referred, with reference to Arts. 111, first and second, third, first paragraph, and Article 24, second paragraph of the Constitution, the Court of Bologna with the ordinary order mentioned in the inscription;

2) declares that Article. 140 in the Code of Civil Procedure which provides that the notice is perfected, the consignee, the shipment of the registered information, rather than on receipt of the same or at least ten days after its dispatch.

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process of work - a nullity of the appeal

I. - It says a decision of the Supreme Court section. Jobs sentence no 13825 of May 27, 2008, confirms the orientation for which the verification of the essential elements of the application in the work process, work is referred to the decision of the merits [1] , and that non-determination matter of the application and the lack of a statement of the facts and matters of law, leads to irremediable nullity, the court must be noted that, as a continuation of the process would be entirely unjustified, representing an unnecessary expenditure of energy proceedings.

In the process of labor is not available to the preparing for the ordinary procedure, which provides in Article. 164 paragraph 5 c.pc. That the judge may order the integration of the application or the renewal of the action, to remedy defects related all'edictio actionis, but the Supreme Court finds a solution for the ritual labor law that is derived from the general principle of conservazione degli atti processuali , per il quale , se l’atto riesce comunque a raggiungere lo scopo per il quale è preordinato ex art. 156 c.p.c. , esso dovrà essere considerato valido ed efficace [2] .

Per la Corte , il vizio relativo all’edictio actionis , comporta nullità dell’atto , solo quando , attraverso l’esame complessivo dell’atto, risulti impossibile l’individuazione esatta della pretesa del ricorrente , rendendo difficoltoso l’esercizio di difesa e il contraddittorio. Tuttavia la valutazione della nullità del ricorso introduttivo deve essere compiuta solo dal giudice di merito, essendo censurabile in Cassazione solo il vizio Grounds of appeal to assert that the action is affected by the alleged defect. [3]

If the defendant has not claimed the invalidity pursuant to Art. 157 Code of Civil Procedure and the court did not do, providing the integration of the application or the renewal of the action, such invalidity flows among the reasons for the appeal proceeding error in the court of first instance and if this can not happen be said to constitute the national legal system that precludes the way for possible use in the legitimacy [4] .

II. - The question of the nullity of the appeal on grounds that the object e dell’esposizione dei fatti costitutivi della domanda e l’impossibilità di applicare analogicamente il meccanismo sanante previsto dall’art. 164 , 5° comma c.p.c., è stata sollevata dalla giurisprudenza di merito che ritiene che la specialità del rito del lavoro con le sue rigide preclusioni agli atti introduttivi del processo non possa vedere applicata la stessa disciplina prevista per il rito ordinario , che stante la riforma del 1990 , che non ha esteso al rito speciale [5] la norma relativa alla rinnovazione ed integrazione della domanda , deve far ritenere esistente un’implicita deroga del legislatore del meccanismo sanante al rito del lavoro [6] , con conseguente nullità insanabile of the application of its own motion and without obstacles to the possibility of revival of demand in a new trial.

This assumption, however, was not shared by the United Sections of the Supreme Court, which at first, with the decision of 1 March 1988 No 2166, stated that the work process has its necessary complement to the general provisions of Book I and Book II of the Code relating to the process of cognition when not incompatible, and then, with the reform of the '90s, which extended to the process certain provisions of the ordinary rite of work [7] and has reduced the structural differences, he maintained a constant orientation exclude the invalidity of the application, however, when it reaches the goal through a comprehensive assessment of the ordering, if necessary, integration and the establishment of a further hearing. [8]

---

[1] Cass. February 5, 2008 No 2732, Foro en . , Rep. 2007, voice job (report), 490; Cass. January 16, 2007 No 820; Cass. August 27, 2004 No 17976; Cass. March 23, 2004 No 5794, Foro en . , Rep. 2004 heading Labor and Welfare (litigation), 79.

[2] Forum it. , Rep. 2007, Labor and Welfare voice , 61 ; ibid. , 62; Foro en . , Rep. 2006 entry Labor and Welfare , 51; Foro en . , Rep. 2004, Labor and Welfare voice , 68; Ibid. , 75.

[3] as an example Valga Forum it. , Rep. 2004 Labor and Welfare voice , 73.

[4] Foro en ., Rep. 2005, voice Work and Pensions , 94.

[5] C. MERLO , On the subject of the appeal no amnesty in the process of working in Riv. dir. proc. 1999, 210 ff. The specialty of the rite of work can be found in the alleged diversity of forms than the ordinary model, belonging to the rite of work to ordinary courts and not a specialized jurisdiction. Moreover, given the full and comprehensive knowledge of the ritual of work, comparable to that of the ordinary, you allow the application to the special procedure, not only the general provisions of the Code, but also the provisions regarding the proceedings before the court, when are compatible con la peculiarità del processo del lavoro, incentrato sui principi chiovendiani dell’oralità , della concentrazione e dell’immediatezza.

[6] A tal proposito VULLO E. , Sulla nullità del ricorso introduttivo nel processo del lavoro per vizi afferenti all’edictio actionis , in Giur. It . 2002 , p. 1407 . Anche Merlo C. , op. cit . , p. 200.

[7] La legge 26 novembre 1990 n. 353 ,rappresenta la terza grande riforma del codice di procedura civile , che oltre ad introdurre la possibilità per il giudice istruttore di giudicare monocraticamente , applica al rito ordinario alcune disposizioni del processo del lavoro , quali le preclusioni , l’appello revisio , l’esecutività della sentenza di primo grado e i provvedimenti anticipatori di condanna. Il processo del lavoro fu considerato dalla dottrina un positivo esempio da estendere al rito ordinario assicurando di aver ripreso le note idee chiovendiane sulla concentrazione , oralità e immediatezza , nonostante alcuni punti chiave del rito lavoristico non siano mai stati previsti dal progetto di codice chiovendiano. CIPRIANI F. , voce Codice di procedura civile , in Il diritto , Enc. giur. Il sole 24 ore , p. 238.

[8] Autorevole dottrina è dello stesso avviso e distingue tra ,l’atto introduttivo che presenta una pretesa insufficiente e che comporta la disposizione di integrazione da parte del giudice nell’udienza prevista dall’art. 420 c.p.c. , con conseguente fissazione di una nuova udienza e con effetto ex nunc , analogicamente con quanto previsto dall’art. 164 , 5° comma del rito ordinario, e tra l’atto introduttivo di “difficile comprensione” nella parte relativa all’edictio actionis , che tramite il potere direttivo del giudice , può autorizzare la parte a gli opportuni chiarimenti. VERDE G. , Profili del processo civile 2. Processo di cognizione , Napoli 2008 , p. 345.

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Review of judicial institutions of Lodovico Mortara, 3rd ed. rev. , Florence 1919

Le Istituzioni di ordinamento giudiziario di Mortara, mostrano, nella parte introduttiva, una visione generale dell’evoluzione della società e degli istituti ad essa correlata, che sono la risultante di diversi fattori ed elementi. Il soggetto dell’evoluzione è chiaramente la collettività, proprio per questo motivo l’a. , critica i progetti di restaurazione delle istituzioni , che non rispettano le condizioni reali e i bisogni effettivi della società, progetti che tra l’altro, mancano di premesse essenziali , come l’indagine delle cause che hanno determinato le scelte di politica del diritto del legislatore.

Is taken in passing the issue of separation of functions and powers of sovereignty. In this context, the judicial function performs an action of cooperation and control, ensuring the conformity of the action, the law, as well as to exercise a degree of interference in the legislative function, when the written law, is passed to the diversity of social needs , and is made of the requirement for a surrogate judge, in the silence of the law. In addition to the. believes that the model of separation of powers of Montesquieu is inadequate and abstract if they are not identified clearly state organs and functions that will perform respectively. In any case, the judiciary constitutes a guaranty, because you can implement a law that was created by another body.

They fit brief remarks on the proper court, on the publicity of hearings on the enforcement of orality in civil proceedings that sometimes creates the smooth administration of justice, sull'amovibilità of judges.

very timely, when you consider the reform of the civil trial , introduced by the Act of June 18, 2009 No 69, with specific reference to the Supreme , and the thought of 'the to. When it evokes, and doubts the intentions of the French legislature, to support the camera civile e penale , una camera alla quale spetti di pronunciare sull’ammissibilità dei ricorsi. Del resto , tale sistema era già stato adottato dal codice sardo del 1859, suscitando le stesse perplessità in Pisanelli , che come riporta Mortara , riteneva tale situazione “una creazione artificiosa che inceppa l’azione delle parti “, che invece di affrettare la decisione della causa, raddoppia il giudizio, oltre che a trovarsi di fronte a due giudizi intorno agli stessi punti, aprendo la strada a possibili contraddizioni.

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Urgent on features of the judicial system

Nell’imminenza dell’anno 2010, si annunciano nuove disposizioni di legge, interessanti per la giustizia activity of the case, civil and criminal, just a short distance from the reform of the Code of Civil Procedure provided for in the Act of 18 June 2009 n. 69. fact the decree of 29 December 2009 No Containing 193 emergency feature on the judicial system, published in the OJ 302 of 12.30.2009, in force since 31.12.2009 and presented to both Houses for the conversion into law includes: a) the extension of the exercise of judicial functions by judges fees, no later than December 31 2010, pending approval of an overall reform of the ordinary judiciary, b) the poor coverage of the seats remained vacant for lack of candidates, by transfer office; c) interim measures for the digitization of justice.

the Code of Civil Procedure shall be amended as follows (Article 4 paragraph 8 of the Decree):

1. art. 125 ( content and signing of documents part of) the first paragraph shall be added in the end the following words: 'that indicates the tax code "
2. art. 163, third paragraph n. 2 ( content of the quote), the words "the name and residence of the applicant" shall be replaced by "the name, residence and social security number of the actor" and the words "first name, last name, residence or domicile or residence of the defendant and the people who represent them or assist them respectively" shall be replaced by "first name, last name, social security number, residence or domicile or residence of the defendant and the people who respectively represent them and assist them."
3. art. 167, first paragraph ( A response) after the words "in its response, the defendant must offer all its defenses by taking a position on the matters alleged by the plaintiff as the basis of domanda, sono inserite le seguenti : “dopo aver indicato le proprie generalità e il codice fiscale”.
4. Dopo l’art. 149 ( notificazione a mezzo del servizio postale ) è inserito il seguente: “ Art. 149 bis ( notificazione a mezzo posta elettronica ). Se non è fatto espresso divieto della legge, la notificazione può eseguirsi a mezzo posta elettronica certificata, anche previa estrazione di copia informatica del documento cartaceo.

Se procede ai sensi del primo comma, l’ufficiale giudiziario trasmette copia informatica dell’atto , sottoscritta con firma digitale all’indirizzo certified electronic mail recipient resulting from public lists.

The notification is considered complete when the operator makes available documents in the e-mail recipient's certificate.

The bailiff shall draw up a report under art. 148, first paragraph, on a separate electronic document, digitally signed and when the joint covered with computer equipment, identified by special decree by the Ministry of Justice. The report contains the information specified in Art. 148, second paragraph replaced the place of delivery l’indirizzo di posta elettronica presso il quale l’atto è stato inviato.

Al documento informatico originale o alla copia informatica del documento cartaceo sono allegate, con le modalità previste dal quarto comma, le ricevute di invio e di consegna previste dalla normativa, anche regolamentare, concernente la trasmissione e la ricezione dei documenti informatici trasmessi in vi telematica.

Eseguita la notificazione, l’ufficiale giudiziario restituisce all’istante o al richiedente, anche per via telematica, l’atto notificato , unitamente alla relazione di notificazione e agli allegati previsti dal quinto comma .

9. To allow payment by the private sector, with computerized payment or debit card, credit or prepaid or other means of payment by electronic money transfer and check into the channels available, the unified contribution of the right to copy, the right of certificate of entitlement of the judicial officers of a task notification and enforcement, use of funds for the recovery of legal aid, court costs, maintenance costs, fines, administrative penalties of fines and penalties fines, the Department of Justice uses, without burden to the state budget, intermediaries license holders, received payment of the sums or make the repayment to the State Treasury, in a proper recording system available for payments made by the administration and its cause, the correspondence of each payment, chapters and articles of entry .

Within 60 days after the entry into force of this Act, the Ministry of Justice, in consultation with the Minister of Economy and Finance, shall determine by decree, after consulting the National Centre for Computer Science in the Public Administrative, technical modalities of the transfer, reporting and interconnection of payment systems , And the model agreement that the qualified intermediary must subscribe to the service.

Please read the full and official decree in the Official Gazette

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Archives Piero Calamandrei

The days of 20 and 21 October 2009 marked one of the important steps for the reconstruction of the legal terms of a major underlying the Code of Civil Procedure of 1940. Calamandrei , fascinating and controversial, as has been described by Perfecto Andres Ibanez in the English version of Faith in the law, can be considered a summary of the communis opinio that the lawyer has, more than fifty years after his death. In the ideal frame of Montepulciano, in Tuscany, a place of childhood and always at the heart of Calamandrei, in these two days has made the point about the state of recovery, archiving and digitization of the material provided by his granddaughter Silvia Calamandrei , and lying in Trento, Rome, Florence and Montepulciano.
The title of the days, not surprisingly calls: A kaleidoscope of cards, effectively represents the state and the mass of a fair amount of material cataloged by Dr. Francesca place, very interesting for scholars, not only of the legal because it is recalled that the four funds are considered "archives in person, but also for those who, are aimed to reconstruct a historical moment, which necessarily contains the ideological substrate on which are grafted the following legislative and policy of the law that affected the drafting of the code of Civil Procedure.
The goal is certainly pretentious and funds alone will not suffice to make clear those events on which more than one occasion, he preferred not to linger, as if to hide faults that nobody has ever heard of giving. Are known, in fact, the discussions around the nature of the codes, and the stone of scandal seems to be just the Code of Civil Procedure, l’unico , a parer di molti, a non aver subito quella corrente ideologica, chiamata fascismo , che travolse scuole di ogni ordine e grado, magistratura, sindacati e modi di vivere.
La questione del colore politico dei codici non è di poco conto, se si pensa all’attività dello studioso, che indaga e descrive l’oggetto della sua indagine. Egli lo fa con obiettività , imparzialità , dedizione, per poi arrivare a trarre le conclusioni , come si usa dire , a dimostrare la sua tesi. Se un altro studioso , nello stesso campo d’indagine giunge ad una tesi opposta , allora qualcosa non va. La verità può essere una pietra sfaccettata che brilla più o meno intensamente a seconda del punto da cui la you look, but can not be Janus-faced. The conclusions are twofold: a) someone's objective is to seek the truth, b) the truth has not been proved. In either case it is right to insist on supporting the results of their investigation, because in the former case, the aporia of the contents of those who claim otherwise must necessarily yield to the evidence, in either case we are only doing what we set out to do at the beginning of our course of study.